The flowers are tougher to chew. These plants are a food source for spring azure Celatrina ladon and falcate orange-tip caterpillars Anthocharis midea. Hairy bittercress may also host aphids, whiteflies, and mites. Bumblebees are attracted to Hairy Bittercress for nectar and pollen.
The weed attracts bees in the spring when other flowers are sparse. Early butterflies are also attracted to the tiny flowers. Symphyotrichum pilosum. Trifolium repens. Tweet this Page Share on Facebook. Previously known as: Arabis heterophylla Cardamine angulata Cardamine borbonica. Edibility: Hairy Bittercress is an edible weed that has a mild peppery taste.
A few sprigs can be added to a salad to add a bite. The flowers are edible, but they are tough to chew. Dimensions: Height: 0 ft.
Width: 0 ft. They turn reddish-brown when they mature. When dried the pods explode and release seeds up to 3 feet. The seeds germinate in the fall. Unfortunately, weed identification is not a simple task, especially when it comes to members of the Asteraceae, one of the largest plant families in the world.
Several species of Asteraceaeare found throughout California in many different agricultural and non-agricultural environments; these include: hairy fleabane Erigeron Conyza bonariensis , horseweed Erigeron Conyza canadensis , annual sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus , prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola , and common groundsel Senecio vulgaris.
This blog post has been developed to help you distinguish among these species. Hairy fleabane also called asthma weed and flax-leaf fleabane is an annual sometimes biennial herb that is not native to California. Biotypes of fleabane can emerge fall through spring with the earlier emerging plants over-wintering as rosettes.
Leaves are a grey-green in color, hairy, and are arranged alternate to each other up them stem. While the first leaves produced are roughly oval- to spatula-shaped , later leaves tend to be more linear with entire to weakly-toothed margins.
Leaves of hairy fleabane are also twisted, crinkled or wavy in appearance. At bolting, hairy fleabane produces a many branched stem 0. Lateral branches can be longer in length than the main stem. Flowering occurs, predominantly, mid-summer through fall. The resultant seedheads resemble those of dandelions, although they are much smaller in size 0. Individual seeds possess a pappus 0. Hairy fleabane plants produce taproots along with fibrous lateral roots. Hairy fleabane populations with resistance to glyphosate and with resistance to both glyphosate and paraquat have been confirmed in California.
Hairy fleabane leaves are grey-greenish in color and are often wavy, crinkled, or twisted. Photo by L. At bolting, hairy fleabane sends up a many branched stem upon which flowers are produced. Ditomaso and E. Photo by J. Hairy fleabane seedheads. Individual seeds each possess a pappus, a tuft of hair that aids with wind dispersal, which gives the seedheads their fuzzy appearance. Horseweed, also known as marestail,is an annual sometimes biennial herb that is native to California and most other parts of North America.
The pattern of horseweed germination and emergence is like that of hairy fleabane, were seedlings can emerge from the fall through early spring. At the seedling stage of development, horseweed and hairy fleabane resemble each other, morphologically; differences become more apparent past the 12 to 15 leaf stage. Not unlike hairy fleabane, horseweed leaves are alternate and are arranged in a rosette; however, horseweed leaves are typically a darker shade of green, as compared to fleabane.
Upon bolting, plants send up a single, erect stem that can reach heights of 10 feet 3 m. Unlike hairy fleabane, lateral branches are shorter than the main branch. Cream- to yellow-colored, urn-shaped flowers are produced in dense panicles from mid-summer to fall. Like hairy fleabane, horseweed produces seeds that possess a pappus 0. Whereas single hairy fleabane plants have been estimated to produce up to 20, seeds per plant, horseweed plants can produce more than , Horseweed plants produce taproots along with fibrous lateral roots.
Horseweed populations with resistance to glyphosate and with resistance to both glyphosate and paraquat have been confirmed in California. Horseweed L and hairy fleabane R rosettes. Hairy fleabane leaves are grey-greenish in color and are often wavy, crinkled, or twisted as compared to horseweed.
Bolting horseweed. Notice the single erect non-branching stem. Horseweed growth habit. At bolting, horseweed sends up a single, erect stem upon which flowers are produced. Horseweed stems can reach heights up to 10 feet. Once the seed pods ripen, disturbing the pods can propel the seeds as far as 16 feet from the mother plant. This seed dispersal adds to the soil seed bank and primes the area for another infestation to emerge in early fall.
After setting seed, the life cycle is complete and the plants die. Hairy bittercress and other winter annual weed species, like common chickweed and purple deadnettle, are not typically present during the summer months. Hairy bittercress is best managed mechanically when it is young. Remove it by hand, hoe or tillage in early fall or early spring before it sets seed. If plants are flowering, composting is discouraged as seeds may develop.
To manage this weed using herbicides, the proactive approach would be to use a pre-emergence herbicide in the late summer late August to early September to target the plants at the time of germination and prevent successful emergence. If plants have already emerged, applying a post-emergence herbicide to actively growing plants before seedpods form may be effective.
If using an herbicide, be certain it contains an active ingredient that will target this weed. Always read and follow all labeled instructions to increase effectiveness and prevent personal or environmental harm.
This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. Hairy bittercress: A weed to watch out for.
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