The best treatment is to avoid the causal factor; pressure and friction. Activity levels, footwear and biomechanical are also factors in the development of calluses and corns. These lesions are again caused by pressure and friction, and are mostly smaller than a callus. The difference between a corn and a callus is a corn has a centre or a nucleus. The nucleus is harder than the surrounding soft tissue and is often where the pain radiates from. A corn may also occur in conjunction with a callus.
These calluses tend to develop near the base of the toes, due to friction from the foot rubbing against the inside of the shoe. Problems with walking or with the feet can cause calluses when these issues place added stress on certain parts of the foot. Calluses are not typically painful. However, corns, a similar foot issue, can be painful when pressed.
Calluses may become discolored after some time — a brown, black, or red patch may form beneath the hardened skin. This happens when a small amount of blood pools between the thickened skin and the regular skin underneath. Plantar calluses usually form when ill-fitting or tight shoes rub against the soles of the feet. As the friction continues, a hard layer of outer skin develops to protect the skin beneath.
In some cases, the way a person walks can cause this hardening of the skin, possibly because of a foot or toe deformity or a recent operation. Most calluses gradually go away when the friction stops. Some people consider them unsightly and would rather remove them than wait for them to fade. The American Academy of Dermatology offers the following tips for treating calluses:. Bandages, pads, and other products that contain salicylic acid can also help reduce or get rid of calluses.
It is important to note that anyone with a disorder affecting the nerves or circulation in the feet should be careful when using products, such as bandages, on their feet. It is a good idea to speak to a doctor if a callus is large, painful, or getting in the way of daily activities. The doctor may shave off some of the hardened skin and recommend modified footwear to prevent the callus from reforming. If a callus bleeds or breaks, it is important to keep it clean and covered while it heals.
Applying petroleum jelly, such as plain Vaseline, to the area and covering it with a Band-Aid works well. Examine your footwear. Consider wearing socks and shoes instead of going barefoot or wearing sandals.
The greater the cushioning in your footwear, the lower the chances are that your calluses will persist or that you will develop them in the first place.
Certain moisturizers such as Amlactin or Urea Cream may help soften the thickened spots. Some patients with very good manual dexterity may find that they can thin calluses down by using an abrasive device such as an emery board or pumice stone. This is not something that we recommend doing repetitively however because the friction from this can cause a reverse effect, where calluses tend to be more persistent and thicken up more in time.
In contrast to calluses, corns often tend to be smaller and have a central translucent appearing core. The footprint lines are generally lost in this central area. They will also tend to occur over pressure points and arise as a result of friction. Sometimes they can even develop between toes.
Even more so than calluses, corns can be painful to the point of causing substantial discomfort with walking. Also, they are usually flesh-colored. Treatments are very similar to calluses. Pressure and friction which trigger them need to be eliminated.
At Advanced Dermatology of the Midlands, we frequently recommend nonmedicated donut-shaped corn and callus pads to help offload the pressure which is triggering these. We recommend examining your footwear and making sure that you are wearing the softest and best insoles possible.
Warts are "growths" and there are many different methods for trying to remove them. Calluses are not growths and treatment is therefore directed at relieving the pressure and friction that causes them. Accommodative orthotics can help along with modifying shoegear. For calluses with a deep central "core" and sometimes for warts, we utilize a treatment called Transderm to help resolve the condition painlessly.
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