Fish have formed an important item of human diet. Nearly all fish freshwater and marine are edible and have been an important source of protein, fat and vitamins A and D since time immemorial. According to Pottinger and Baldwin, fish meat contains atleast 5 of the essential amino acids. Besides this, it contains vitamin A and D together with large amount of phosphorus present in it. Important marine fishes include salmon, cod, halibut, herring, eels, tuna, mackerel, and sardines.
Important freshwater food fishes are cat fish, trout, bass, perch and mullet. Even eggs of certain fishes, such as Russian sturgeon are eaten as cavier. The cartilaginous sharks, skates and rays are also used as human food in several countries. They are eaten by poorer classes of people living along the sea coasts of India and Sri Lanka. The canned meat of sharks is sold commercially under the name of gray fish.
In south-east Asian countries, shark fins are dried and boiled to get a gelatinous material used as soups. Fresh fish meat is usually cooked for human consumption.
However, large quantities are refrigerated, salted, smoked, canned or pickled. Today, fisheries of the world carry on business worth several hundred thousand rupees annually and also provide employment to thousands of people. The scrap from canneries, as well as entire fishes that are not relished by man, are dried and ground in mill. This is called fish meal and is used as artificial food for poultry, pig and cattle.
Fish meal is produced in several states like Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bengal and Kerala chiefly from sardines, meckerels, ribbon fish, etc. The fish is first cooked in large pots containing sufficient quantity of water, on fire or on steam. The cooked material is then pressed to remove moisture and dried in the sun on suitable platforms.
The resultant product is then stored, and if preserved in airtight containers after sterilisation retains its nutritive value for a long time. The manufacture of fish meal can be undertaken as a cottage industry requiring little expenditure. Fish that are unfit for human consumption are used to prepare fish manure for the fields. During peak season, when there is a large supply of fish, or they are landed in spoiled condition, they are sun dried on the beach.
The dried fish is ground and converted to manure, which contains a high percentage of nitrogen and phosphate. Mostly sardines are used for preparing fish meal and the waste material forms the fish guano. It contains 8. It is several times richer than ordinary cattle manure. The most important fishery by-product is that of the fish oil, which is of two kinds- body oil and liver oil. The oil extracted from the whole body of the fish is called fish body oil, while that obtained from liver of certain fish is called the fish liver oil.
Liver oil contains vitamin A and D, while the body oil contains them in traces. The refined oil from the liver of fishes has a medicinal use, being the source of vitamin A and D. The body oil from fish has many uses, such as in painting, varnishing, soap, candle, leather and steel industries.
For preparing body oil, fish are boiled in large quantity of water. Oil is removed quickly and washed in boiling salt water. Liver oil is prepared from the liver of several species, including sharks and rays.
Oil is extracted from the liver soon after the fish are caught to avoid action of enzymes. Liver is cut into small pieces and boiled in sufficient quantity of water. Oil is skimmed from the surface of water and sent for purification. It is of considerable medicinal value. The skin of several fishes like the sharks and rays are used for making polishing and smoothing material. Shark skin leather is of some commercial importance in the manufacture of many useful articles such as shoes and hand bags, etc.
It is therefore necessary to provide institutional and organizational support, government support, extension service and training facilities to the market operators for sustainable fish marketing systems.
Compiled by Ann L. CD ROM. Davis brian. Relationships Parents: This work has no parents. Ahmed, Nesar Ahammed, Faisal. A study was conducted to understand current practices of commercially important marine fish marketing systems in the Patuakhali area of southern Bangladesh. Research Paper. Ahmed, Nesar and Faisal Ahammed. ISBN However, a team of researchers recommends also keeping the particularly large And researchers Spiders' Web Secrets Unraveled.
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